Deficiencies in the deployment of VXLAN centralized gateways: First, Layer 3 traffic across data centers across subnets under the same Layer 2 gateway needs to be forwarded through the centralized Layer 3 gateway. Second, due to the use of a centralized Layer 3 gateway, the ARP entries of terminal tenants forwarded through the Layer 3 gateway need to be generated on the Layer 3 gateway, but because the specifications of the ARP entries on the Layer 3 gateway are limited, this is not conducive to The expansion of the data center network. In order to solve the shortcomings in the centralized gateway, a distributed network management deployment is adopted.
VXLAN distributed gateway refers to the VTEP that uses Leaf nodes as VXLAN tunnel endpoints in a typical “Spine-Leaf” networking structure. Each Leaf node can serve as a VXLAN Layer 3 gateway. Spine nodes are not aware of VXLAN tunnels and only serve as Forwarding node for VXLAN messages.
As shown in the figure, Server1 and Server2 are not on the same network segment, but both are connected to a Leaf node. When Server1 and Server2 communicate, traffic only needs to be forwarded on Leaf1 node, and no longer needs to pass through Spine node.
Spine nodes mainly focus on high-speed IP forwarding of data, and more on the forwarding capabilities of devices.
The Leaf node is mainly used as a Layer 2 gateway device in the VXLAN network. It can solve the problem of terminal tenants accessing the VXLAN virtual network by interfacing with a physical server or VM. In addition, the Leaf node also serves as a Layer 3 gateway device in the VXLAN network, encapsulating/de-encapsulating VXLAN messages to achieve terminal tenant communication across subnets and external network access.
The characteristics of the distributed gateway are as follows:
First, the same Leaf node can be used for both VXLAN Layer 2 gateways and VXLAN Layer 3 gateways for flexible deployment.
Second, Leaf nodes only need to learn the ARP entries of their own connected servers, rather than the ARP entries of all servers. This solves the bottleneck problem of ARP entries brought by the centralized Layer 3 gateway, making the network scale expansion capability stronger .
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