With the increasing expansion of the Internet, existing IPv4 addresses are already in short supply. Although the use of temporary IPv4 addresses or NAT (Network Address Translator, Network Address Translation) and other technologies have alleviated the shortage of IPv4 addresses to a certain extent, but also Increased the overhead of address resolution and processing, and at the same time led to the failure of some high-level applications, and still can not avoid the problem that IPv4 addresses are about to be exhausted. The 128-bit IPv6 protocol is used, which completely solves the problem of insufficient IPv4 addresses, and has obvious improvements in address capacity, security, network management, mobility, and service quality. It is the core of the next-generation Internet network protocol. One of the standards. IPv6 is not compatible with IPv4, but it is compatible with all other protocols in all TCP / IP protocol families, that is, IPv6 can completely replace IPv4.
Before IPv6 becomes a mainstream protocol, the network that first uses the IPv6 protocol stack hopes to communicate normally with the Internet still supported by IPv4. Therefore, IPv4 and IPv6 interworking technologies must be developed to ensure that IPv4 can smoothly transition to IPv6. In addition, the interworking technology should be efficient and seamless for information transmission. Internationally, the IETF has established a special NGTRANS working group to carry out research on IPv4 and IPv6 transition issues and efficient and seamless interoperability issues. A variety of transition technologies and interworking solutions have emerged. These technologies have their own characteristics and are used to solve communication problems in different transition periods and different environments.
There are currently three basic technologies for solving the transition problem: dual protocol stack (RFC2893), tunnel technology (RFC2893) and NAT-PT (RFC2766).
Tunneling is a kind of encapsulation technology. It uses a network protocol to transmit another network protocol, that is, a network transmission protocol is used to encapsulate the data packets generated by other protocols in its own packets, and then in the network. transmission. A tunnel is a virtual point-to-point connection. In practical applications, only the virtual interface that supports point-to-point connection is a tunnel interface. A tunnel provides a path through which encapsulated data packets can be transmitted, and data packets can be encapsulated and decapsulated at both ends of a tunnel. Tunneling technology refers to the entire process including data encapsulation, transmission and decapsulation.
IE-LAB provides valid materials(accurate dumps) to help you pass your CCIE. For the written, we have valid workbooks that cover all real exam questions. You can easily pass the exam, usually 7 days’ preparation in enough. For the Lab exam, we will offer valid workbooks（real exam）, rack which is the same as real exam, one to one support, professional tutor and timely update.
IPv6 over IPv4 tunnel: Encapsulates IPv4 data headers before IPv6 data packets, and tunnels IPv6 packets across IPv4 networks to realize the interconnection of isolated IPv6 networks.
The processing of the message is as follows:
1. Devices in the IPv6 network send IPv6 packets to reach the source device of the tunnel.
2. The source device of the tunnel determines that the packet is to be forwarded through the tunnel according to the routing table. It will encapsulate the IPv4 packet header before the IPv6 packet and forward the packet through the actual physical interface of the tunnel.
3. The encapsulated packet reaches the tunnel destination device through the tunnel. After the destination device determines that the destination of the encapsulated packet is the device, it will decapsulate the packet.
4. The end device forwards the packet according to the destination address of the decapsulated IPv6 packet; if the destination is the device, the IPv6 packet is transferred to the upper layer protocol for processing.
According to different ways of encapsulating IPv6 packets, IPv6 over IPv4 tunnels are divided into the following modes:
(1) IPv6 manual tunnel
A manual tunnel is a link between points, and a link is a separate tunnel. Mainly used for the stable connection of the edge router-edge router or the host-edge router for regular and secure communication, which can realize the connection with the remote IPv6 network.
(2) GRE tunnel
The standard GRE protocol can be used to encapsulate IPv6 packets, so that IPv6 packets can traverse the IPv4 network through the tunnel. Similar to the IPv6 manual tunnel, the GRE tunnel is also a point-to-point link, and each link is a separate tunnel. The GRE tunnel is mainly used for the stable connection of the edge router-edge router and the host-edge router for regular and secure communication.
(3) IPv4 compatible IPv6 automatic tunnel
IPv4 compatible IPv6 automatic tunnels are point-to-multipoint links. Special IPv6 addresses are used at both ends of the tunnel: IPv4 compatible IPv6 addresses, the format is: 0: 0: 0: 0: 0: 0: a.b.c.d / 96, where a.b.c.d is an IPv4 address. Through this embedded IPv4 address, the end point of the tunnel can be automatically determined, which makes the establishment of the IPv6 tunnel very convenient. However, because it must use IPv4-compatible IPv6 addresses, it still depends on IPv4 addresses and has certain limitations when used.
(4) 6to4 tunnel
Ordinary 6to4 tunnel
The 6to4 tunnel is a point-to-multipoint automatic tunnel, which is mainly used to connect multiple IPv6 islands to the IPv6 network through the IPv4 network. The 6to4 tunnel embeds the IPv4 address in the destination address of the IPv6 packet to automatically obtain the IPv4 address of the end point of the tunnel.
6to4 relay
6to4 tunnels can only be used for communication between 6to4 networks prefixed with 2002 :: / 16, but IPv6 network addresses like 2001 :: / 16 will also be used in IPv6 networks. In order to achieve communication between the 6to4 network and other IPv6 networks, there must be a 6to4 router as a gateway to forward packets to the IPv6 network. This router is called a 6to4 relay (6to4 relay) router.
(5) ISATAP tunnel
With the promotion of IPv6 technology, more and more IPv6 hosts will appear in existing IPv4 networks. ISATAP tunnel technology provides a better solution for this application. The ISATAP tunnel is a point-to-point automatic tunneling technology. Through the IPv4 address embedded in the destination address of the IPv6 packet, the end point of the tunnel can be obtained automatically.
IPv4 or IPv6 over IPv6 tunnel: IPv4 or IPv6 over IPv6 tunnel (RFC2473) protocol is to encapsulate IPv4 or IPv6 datagrams, so that these encapsulated datagrams can be transmitted in another IPv6 network, and the encapsulated data packets IPv6 tunnel packets.
This article is exclusively published by James from IELAB.NETWORK and cannot be reproduced without permission.
💥Incredible Sale: Get any two Cisco written exam dumps for only 150USD.
✅100% pass guarantee, latest updated dumps.
Don’t hesitate anymore!
Pass your exam with ielab.network
WhatsApp: +8617782638871
Skype:live:ielab.anna
