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IPv6 migration issues part1

1IPv6 advantages

The Internet has developed at a rapid rate, as Neil Barrett wrote in the preface to The State of the Information Nation, “To predict the development of the Internet is like trying to chase a flying bullet with a bow and arrow. Even as you tap your fingertips into the keyboard every time, the Internet has changed” 。 This kind of development not only shows in the number of hosts on the Internet increasing in geometric order, but also the new business is emerging constantly, which makes the Internet show new characteristics. But it is this kind of high-speed growth that has led to the current Internet being in an unprecedented predicament

The speed and scale of the Internet are also far beyond the expectations of the pioneers of the Internet who made the TCP/IP protocol more than two decades ago. They never expected the Internet to grow to such a scale and continue to grow rapidly. With the popularization of the Internet, Internet has been closely related to people’s life and work. At the same time, the problems that accompany the expansion of the number of Internet users are becoming more and more serious. Current IP addresses are forecast to be depleted around 2005 and 2012. The biggest problem of Ipv4 is the limited network address resources, which severely restrict the application and development of the Internet. This problem is called the “Network Titanic Crisis.”

Ipv6 is English “Internet Protocol Version 6 ”  ( Internet protocol version 6) is a next-generation IP protocol designed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) to replace Ipv4, The number of addresses claimed can be assigned to every grain of sand in the world

                The use of ipv6 can not only solve the problem of the number of network address resources but also solve the obstacle that many access devices connect to the internet.

IPV6 has several advantages over IPV4:

IPV6 has several advantages over IPV4

1.Ipv6 has a larger address space. The length of IP address is 32, and the maximum number of addresses is 2^32 in Ipv4; The length of IP address in Ipv6 is 128, i.e., the maximum number of addresses is 2^128. Compared with the 32-bit address space, its address space has been increased by 2^128-2^32.

2, Ipv6 uses a smaller routing table. The address assignment of ipv6 begins with the principle of clustering; This enables the router to use a record ( Entry) in the routing table to represent a subnetwork, which greatly reduces the length of the routing table in the router and increases the speed of the router to forward packets.

3.Ipv6 adds enhanced Multicast support and Flow Control, This makes the multimedia application on the network have the great opportunity to develop, and provides the good network platform for the QoS ( Quality of Service) control.

4.Ipv6 adds support for Auto Configuration. This is the improvement and extension of the DHCP protocol, making the management of the network ( especially the local area network) more convenient and fast.

5. Ipv6 is more secure. In the use of Ipv6 network, users can encrypt the network layer data and verify the IP packets, encryption and authentication options in IPV6 provide the confidentiality and integrity of the packets. Greatly enhances the security of the network.

6. Allow expansion. IPV6 allows protocols to be extended if new technologies or applications are needed.

7. Better header format. IPV6 uses a new header format, which is separated from the base header and, if necessary, can be inserted between the base header and the upper data. This simplifies and accelerates the routing process because most of the options do not need to be routed.

8. New options. IPV6 has some new options for implementing additional functionality

2Ipv6 to become the universal standard:

The Ministry of Industry and Information said that the China Ipv6 Network Readiness Campaign was launched in 2019 to further implement the Plan of Action to Advance the Scale of Internet Protocol Version 6 (Ipv6). By the end of 2019, the main objectives of the campaign will be:

(I) The proportion of LTE terminals with Ipv6 address is 90%, and the proportion of fixed broadband terminals with Ipv6 address is 40%.

(II) LTE network Ipv6 active connections up to 800 million. Among them, China Telecom Group Co., Ltd. reached 160 million, China Mobile Communication Group Co., Ltd. reached 480 million, and China United Network Communication Group Co., Ltd. reached 160 million.

(III) All the 13 IPv6 backbones of the Internet shall be reconstructed.

As of November 2018, according to the China IDC circle, The 30 Provinces Mobile Broadband Access (LTE) Network of China’s Three Basic Telecommunication Enterprises has Completed End-to-End Ipv6 Transformation, and Open Ipv6 Service Carrying Function, The backbone network equipment has all supported Ipv6, and 5 out of 13 backbone direct links have Ipv6 interconnection, The total bandwidth of Ipv6 is 100Gbps, and the total number of LTE and fixed broadband access network users with Ipv6 addresses assigned by the basic telecommunications enterprise is over 865 million.

Ministry of Industry and Information on the 16th issue of the “Notice on Launching the Special Campaign of Ipv6 Network Readiness in 2019” (from now on referred to as the “Notice”). As mentioned in the Notice, the newly deployed home gateway device should support Ipv6 in its entirety, and the default configuration supports Ipv4/Ipv6 double stack, which can assign Ipv6 address to the device under the gateway. By the end of 2019, the Ipv6 upgrade for 70% of the Smart Home Gateway was completed. The companies involved include TP-LINK, D-LINK, Huawei, Tengda, ASUS, Netware, Xiaomi and so on, New home routers should support Ipv6 and push firmware versions that support Ipv6 to stock home router devices

The Notice identified six major points:

  1. Network infrastructure Ipv6 capability ready

The backbone network, metropolitan area network and access network complete Ipv6 transformation, and open Ipv6 service carrying function. By the end of 2019, eight Internet backbones in Wuhan, Xi’an, Shenyang, Nanjing, Chongqing, Hangzhou, Guiyang, Gui’an and Fuzhou will have completed the upgrade and transformation of Ipv6, Support Internet inter-network Ipv6 traffic exchange.

The basic telecommunication enterprise allocates Ipv6 address for all mobile terminal and fixed terminal in the network which supports Ipv6. Perfect the Ipv6 line product opening process, open Ipv6 dedicated line access and support Ipv6 address for the government and enterprise customers quickly. As of June 2019, Ipv6 addresses are assigned to government clients who sign new or renew service contracts based on their needs.

  1. Upgrading the Carrying Capacity of Ipv6 Services by Applying Infrastructure

The basic telecommunication enterprise data center complete the Ipv6 retrofit to provide users with the Internet data center service based on Ipv6. By the end of 2019, Century interconnection, Dr. Peng, Qinhuai Science and Technology, New Network Interconnection, Founder Information, Western Digital, Universal Data, Halo New Network, and other data center operators have completed the Ipv6 retrofit of large and above data center internal network and export equipment.

Netflix Technology, Aliyun, Tencent UCloud, Lanxun, Jinshan UCloud, Century Interconnection, UCloud, Baishan UCloud, Qiniuyun, China Mobile completed the Content Distribution Network (CDN) Ipv6 retrofit, Provide Ipv6 traffic optimization scheduling capability throughout the country. By the end of 2019, CDN’s Ipv6 local coverage reached more than 85% of Ipv4 local coverage, and its Ipv6 bandwidth reached 10% of Ipv4 bandwidth on.

Alibaba UCloud, Tianyi UCloud, Tencent UCloud, Woyun, Huawei UCloud, mobile UCloud, Baidu UCloud, Jinshan UCloud, JDC UCloud, UCloud, Qingyun UCloud service enterprises to complete the double stack transformation of UCloud platform. By the end of 2019, 70% Public Cloud Product Ipv6, including Ipv6 Cloud Host, Load Balancing, Content Distribution, Domain Name Resolution, Cloud Desktop, Object Storage, Cloud Database, API Gateway, Web Application Firewall, DDOS High Security, Flexible IPS, etc. Provide government cloud products that support Ipv6 according to customer needs.

 

By: Caleb Li Qiangwei

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